PZN Docker — Belajar Docker dari Nol

Repository: github.com/z0nk/pzn-docker

Author: Helmi Pradita

Deskripsi: Projek belajar Docker dari fundamental hingga intermediate — mencakup Docker CLI, Dockerfile, dan Docker Compose. Setiap materi dipisah dalam 3 modul utama dengan contoh langsung yang bisa dijalankan.

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📦 Modul 1: belajar-docker-dasar/ — Docker Fundamentals

25+ shell script yang mendemonstrasikan perintah-perintah dasar Docker CLI. Setiap file adalah satu topik spesifik dan bisa dieksekusi langsung.

flowchart LR
    subgraph CLI[Docker CLI Operations]
        direction TB
        A[docker container] --> B[create / start / stop / rm]
        C[docker image] --> D[pull / ls / rm / prune]
        E[docker network] --> F[create / connect / disconnect]
        G[docker volume] --> H[create / mount / ls]
    end

    subgraph Run[Container Runtime]
        I[Port Mapping] --> J["-p 8080:80"]
        K[Environment] --> L["--env KEY=VALUE"]
        M[Bind Mounts] --> N["--mount type=bind"]
        O[Volumes] --> P["--mount type=volume"]
    end

    subgraph Inspect[Observation]
        Q[docker logs] --> R[-f follow mode]
        S[docker exec] --> T[-i -t interactive]
        U[docker stats]
        V[docker inspect]
    end

    CLI --> Run --> Inspect

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Topik yang dipelajari

File	Perintah	Konsep
docker-container.sh	create, start, stop, rm	Siklus hidup container
docker-image.sh	pull, ls, rm	Manajemen image
docker-container-port.sh	--publish	Port forwarding host → container
docker-container-env.sh	--env	Environment variables untuk konfigurasi
docker-container-logs.sh	logs, logs -f	Melihat output container
docker-container-exec.sh	exec -i -t	Masuk ke container interactive
docker-container-stats.sh	stats	Monitoring resource container
docker-container-network.sh	network create, connect, disconnect	Isolasi jaringan antar container
docker-container-volume.sh	volume create, --mount type=volume	Persistent data dengan named volume
docker-bind-mounts.sh	--mount type=bind	Mount direktori host ke container
docker-prune.sh	system prune, volume prune, network prune	Cleanup resource Docker

Contoh penggunaan

# Container nginx dengan port mapping
docker container create --name contohnginx --publish 8080:80 nginx:latest
docker container start contohnginx
curl localhost:8080

# MongoDB dengan network dan auth
docker container create --name mongodb --network mongonetwork \
  --env MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME=helmipradita \
  --env MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD=helmipradita \
  mongo:latest

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🔨 Modul 2: belajar-docker-dockerfile/ — Dockerfile Instruction

16 sub-direktori, masing-masing berisi satu Dockerfile yang mendemonstrasikan satu instruksi Dockerfile spesifik. Setiap Dockerfile bisa di-build dan di-run untuk melihat efek instruksi tersebut.

graph LR
    subgraph Build[Build Stage]
        A[FROM] --> B[WORKDIR]
        B --> C[ARG]
        C --> D[LABEL]
        D --> E[COPY / ADD]
        E --> F[RUN]
    end

    subgraph Config[Configuration]
        G[ENV]
        H[EXPOSE]
        I[VOLUME]
        J[USER]
    end

    subgraph Runtime[Runtime Stage]
        K[CMD]
        L[ENTRYPOINT]
        M[HEALTHCHECK]
    end

    Build --> Config --> Runtime

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Daftar Instruksi

Folder	Instruksi	Apa yang dipelajari
from/	FROM	Memilih base image (alpine, golang)
run/	RUN	Mengeksekusi perintah saat build (mkdir, echo)
cmd/	CMD	Default perintah saat container start
label/	LABEL	Metadata image (author, company, website)
add/	ADD	Copy file + wildcard + tar/URL support
copy/	COPY	Copy file dari context (lebih eksplisit dari ADD)
ignore/	.dockerignore	Mengecualikan file dari build context
expose/	EXPOSE	Mendokumentasikan port container
env/	ENV	Environment variable yang bisa di-override runtime
volume/	VOLUME	Mendeklarasikan mount point untuk persistent data
workdir/	WORKDIR	Mengubah working directory (inherit dari base image)
user/	USER	Menjalankan container sebagai non-root user
arg/	ARG	Build-time variable dengan --build-arg
health/	HEALTHCHECK	Health check endpoint monitoring container
entrypoint/	ENTRYPOINT + CMD	Fixed executable + default arguments pattern
multi/	Multi-stage Build	Builder pattern: build di golang → run di alpine

Catatan penting

• COPY vs ADD: Gunakan COPY untuk file lokal, ADD hanya jika perlu ekstraksi tar otomatis atau URL
• WORKDIR bersifat inherited: base image golang:1.18-alpine punya WORKDIR /go, sehingga CMD harus full path atau tulis ulang WORKDIR
• CMD vs ENTRYPOINT: CMD bisa di-override saat docker run, ENTRYPOINT gak bisa tanpa --entrypoint
• ARG vs ENV: ARG hanya ada saat build, ENV tersedia di container runtime
• Multi-stage mengurangi ukuran final image drastis (contoh: 119MB → 7.43MB)

Contoh Dockerfile — Multi-stage Build

FROM golang:1.18-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app/
COPY main.go /app/
RUN go build -o /app/main /app/main.go

FROM alpine:3
WORKDIR /app/
COPY --from=builder /app/main /app/
CMD /app/main

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🐳 Modul 3: belajar-docker-compose/ — Docker Compose

12 sub-direktori yang mendemonstrasikan fitur-fitur Docker Compose dari paling sederhana hingga multi-file override.

graph TB
    subgraph Compose[Docker Compose Features]
        direction TB
        A[services/] --> B[Multi-service definition]
        C[example/] --> D[Minimal compose example]
        E[ports/] --> F[Long syntax port mapping]
        G[environments/] --> H[Environment variables]
        I[networks/] --> J[Custom bridge network]
        K[volumes/] --> L[Named volumes management]
    end

    subgraph Advanced[Advanced Features]
        M[bind-mount/] --> N[Host directory bind mount]
        O[build/] --> P[Build image via compose]
        Q[depends-on/] --> R[Service startup order]
        S[health-check/] --> T[Container healthcheck]
        U[extend-service/] --> V[Multi-file compose override]
        W[resource-limit/] --> X[CPU/Memory constraints]
    end

    Compose --> Advanced

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Daftar Topik

Folder	Konsep	File Kunci
yaml/	Belajar format YAML untuk compose	user.yaml
services/	Definisi multi-service (nginx + mongo)	docker-compose.yaml
example/	Contoh minimal 2 service nginx	docker-compose.yaml
ports/	Long syntax port mapping protocol:published:target	docker-compose.yml
environments/	Environment variable via compose	docker-compose.yaml
networks/	Custom bridge network antar service	docker-compose.yaml
volumes/	Named volume dengan syntax panjang/pendek	docker-compose.yaml
bind-mount/	Bind mount host directory dengan 2 cara	docker-compose.yaml
build/	Build image dari Dockerfile via compose	docker-compose.yaml + app/Dockerfile
depends-on/	Urutan startup service (depends_on)	docker-compose.yaml
health-check/	Health check di level compose	docker-compose.yaml
extend-service/	Override config: local.yaml, dev.yaml, prod.yaml	4 compose files
resource-limit/	CPU & memory reservation/limit	docker-compose.yaml

Contoh compose — MongoDB + Mongo Express

services:
  mongodb-example:
    image: mongo:latest
    container_name: mongodb-example
    ports:
      - "27017:27017"
    environment:
      MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: helmipradita
      MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: helmipradita
    networks:
      - network_example

  mongodb-express-example:
    image: mongo-express:latest
    container_name: mongodb-express-example
    ports:
      - "8081:8081"
    environment:
      ME_CONFIG_MONGODB_URL: mongodb://helmipradita:helmipradita@mongodb-example:27017/admin
    depends_on:
      - mongodb-example
    networks:
      - network_example

networks:
  network_example:
    name: network_example
    driver: bridge

Extend Service Pattern

Override konfigurasi sesuai environment dengan merge file compose:

# Local
docker compose -f docker-compose.yaml -f local.yaml up -d

# Dev
docker compose -f docker-compose.yaml -f dev.yaml up -d

# Production
docker compose -f docker-compose.yaml -f prod.yaml up -d

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🚀 Quick Start

# 1. Belajar Docker CLI dasar
cd belajar-docker-dasar
bash docker-container.sh
bash docker-image.sh

# 2. Build dan run Dockerfile examples
cd ../belajar-docker-dockerfile
bash script.sh

# 3. Run Docker Compose stacks
cd ../belajar-docker-compose/services
docker compose up -d
docker compose ps
docker compose down

📁 Struktur Projek

pzn-docker/
├── README.md                           ← Kamu disini
├── belajar-docker-dasar/               ← 17 shell script Docker CLI
│   ├── docker-container.sh
│   ├── docker-container-network.sh
│   ├── docker-container-volume.sh
│   ├── docker-bind-mounts.sh
│   └── ... (12 script lainnya)
│
├── belajar-docker-dockerfile/          ← 16 folder Dockerfile
│   ├── from/Dockerfile
│   ├── multi/Dockerfile
│   ├── health/Dockerfile
│   ├── entrypoint/Dockerfile
│   └── ... (12 folder lainnya)
│
└── belajar-docker-compose/             ← 12 folder Docker Compose
    ├── services/docker-compose.yaml
    ├── networks/docker-compose.yaml
    ├── volumes/docker-compose.yaml
    ├── build/docker-compose.yaml
    ├── extend-service/
    └── ... (7 folder lainnya)

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Dibuat untuk pembelajaran pribadi oleh Helmi Pradita